In this article, we will read about the ruling on paying a ransom for fasting, and what are the rulings regarding fasting in the Shariat of Muhammad (peace be upon him) regarding those who cannot afford to fast.
Ibn Abi Hatim, Nahas in Nasikh and Ibn Mardawiyah narrated from Hazrat Ibn Abbas (RA) that when this verse “And upon those who can afford it, there is a ransom” was revealed, whoever wished could fast and whoever wished could not fast and feed the needy.
Then this verse “Whoever witnessed the month among you should fast for a month” was revealed, then the first ruling was abrogated, but for the very old, it remained that if he wished, he should feed a needy person in exchange for each day of fasting and not fast and understand the Ruling on Giving a Ransom for Fasting.
Abu Dawud narrated from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the word of the verse “And upon those who offer a ransom for their fast” means that whoever among them wishes should give a ransom for the food of a poor person and complete his fast.
Then he said the word of the verse “Whoever volunteers good, it is better for him, and if you fast, it is better for you.” And he said the word of the verse “Whoever witnesses a month among you, let him fast.”
After that we must learn The Ruling on Giving a Ransom for Fasting because Hazrat Saeed bin Mansoor, Abd bin Humaid, Abu Dawood, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim and Bayhaqi narrated in their Sunan from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) about this verse that it was permissible for a very old man and an old woman who are not able to fast and feed a poor person for each day, then this ruling was abrogated and Allah Almighty said the wording of the verse: “Whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast.”
He has left the permission for such an old person to break his fast if he is unable to fast and feed a poor person. Similarly, a pregnant woman and a nursing mother who fear that her child will die should not fast and feed a poor person for each day, and they do not have to make up the fasts.
Imam Darimi, Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Awud, Tirmidhi, Nasa’i, Ibn Jarir, Ibn Khuzaymah, Abu Adawa, Ibn Abi Hatim, Nahas, Ibn Hibban, Tabrani, Hakim and Bayhaqi narrated in their Sunan from Salamah bin Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) that when this verse was revealed, whoever among us would fast and whoever would give a ransom for it, until this verse was revealed, which is after it, and the verse before it was abrogated with this verse, “Whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast for it.”
Ibn Hibban narrated from Salamah bin Akwa’ (may Allah be pleased with him) that we used to fast voluntarily during the time of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Whoever among you witnessed the month, let him fast for it, and whoever among you did not fast for it, let him pay a ransom for it, until this verse was revealed.
Imam Bukhari narrated from Abu Ya’la (may Allah have mercy on him) that some of our companions informed us that when the commandment regarding Ramadan was revealed to the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), it was difficult for him.
Whoever fed a poor person every day would break his fast in Ramadan, but whoever was able to fast found it difficult to break his fast and was given permission. Then the verse, “And if you fast, it is better for you,” abrogated this command and he was commanded to fast.
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